Chiari Malformation: Understanding Your Diagnosis

Chiari malformation is a complex neurological condition that requires careful diagnosis and management. By understanding the nature of the condition, its symptoms, and its treatment options, you can take an active role in your care and treatments.

Only 0.1% of the population suffers from Chiari malformation, a complex neurological condition where part of a person’s brain tissue at the base of the skull pushes into the top of the spinal canal.

If you or a loved one has recently received a diagnosis of Chiari malformation, understanding its implications and treatment options is important to your future. At Alabama Neurological Surgery & Spine in Birmingham, Alabama, our team can accurately diagnose Chiari malformation and help you manage the condition.

In many cases, there are no symptoms associated with Chiari malformation, and you may not require intervention if your symptoms don’t cause problems. In this blog, learn more about a diagnosis of Chiari malformation and what it means for your long-term health.

What is Chiari malformation?

Chiari malformation is a structural defect in the base of the skull and cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls balance. Normally, the cerebellum and parts of the brain stem sit above an opening in the skull called the foramen magnum, and the spinal cord passes easily through this opening to connect with the brain.

In people with Chiari malformation, the lower part of the cerebellum extends into the foramen magnum, putting pressure on the brain stem and obstructing the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. This can lead to a range of neurological symptoms and complications.

What are the types of Chiari malformation?

Chiari malformation is classified into several types:

Type I

This is the most common form of Chiari malformation. The cerebellar tonsils (lower part of the cerebellum) protrude into the foramen magnum, often due to a smaller than normal skull or abnormal skull development.

Type II

Type II, also known as Arnold-Chiari Malformation, is typically associated with spina bifida, a congenital defect of the spine.

Types III and IV are rare and involve more severe neurological abnormalities.

What are the symptoms of Chiari malformation?

Symptoms of Chiari malformation can vary widely. Common symptoms of Type 1 include:

Neck pain
Poor hand coordination
Numbness in your hands and feet
Poor balance and lack of steadiness when walking
Trouble swallowing
Changes in speech

Bad headaches are also a sign of Chiari malformation Type 1.

Symptoms usually emerge in late childhood or adulthood. These symptoms can worsen over time or may be triggered by activities that increase pressure within the skull, such as coughing, sneezing, or straining.

What is involved in diagnosis and treatment of Chiari malformation?

We diagnose Chiari malformation by reviewing your medical history, performing a physical examination, and conducting imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans.

Once diagnosed, treatment options depend on the severity of symptoms. We may recommend medication to manage pain or other symptoms, physical therapy, and, in some cases, surgery.

Surgical intervention for Chiari malformation typically involves a procedure called posterior fossa decompression. During this surgery, your surgeon removes a small portion of the skull at the back of your head and/or the first cervical vertebra to create more space for your brain and to relieve pressure on the brain stem and spinal cord.

Surgery can be highly effective in relieving symptoms and preventing further neurological damage, but it’s not without risks. We work closely with you to make a decision whether to undergo surgery.

What is it like to live with Chiari malformation?

Living with Chiari malformation can present challenges, but with proper management and support, you can lead a fulfilling life.

We can help you to manage symptoms, make lifestyle adjustments, and receive the ongoing medical care you need from a team of specialists that includes neurologists, neurosurgeons, physical therapists, and pain management experts.

If you or a loved one has received a diagnosis of Chiari malformation, reach out to our office. We can help you understand your diagnosis and get the care you need. Call Alabama Neurological Surgery & Spine or use this website to set up an appointment with our team.